preprints
– Cesnaite, E. et al. (2025). The EEGManyPipelines Dataset: Metascientific Data on 168 Independent 1Analyses of a Single EEG Dataset. MetaArXiv. [pdf]
– Vloeberghs, R., Navarette, L., Urai, A.E., & Desender, K. (2025). Trial-by-trial fluctuations in decision criterion shape confidence. BioRxiv. [pdf] [data & code]
– Van Marcke, H., Kunkle, S., & Desender, K. (2025). Confidence-driven information seeking is suboptimal in the context of fake news. PsyArxiv. [pdf] [data & code]
– Xing, J., Herregods, S., Vermeylen, L., & Desender, K. (2025). Adaptive Regulation of Confidence Following Metacognitive Conflict: Evidence from Behavior and Computational Modeling. PsyArxiv. [pdf] [data & code]
– Purcell, Z., Desender, K., & De Neys, W. (2025). What makes us think it through? Experimental evidence for a link between confidence and deliberation. PsyArXiv. [pdf] [data & code]
– Grogan, J.P., Vermeylen, L., Mannion, S.L., McCabe,, C., Monakhovych, D., Desender, K., & O’Connell, R.G. (2025). Neurally-informed modelling unravels a single evidence accumulation process for choices and subsequent confidence reports. BiorXiv. [pdf] [pre-reg,data,code]
– Desender, K., & Verguts, T. (2024). Decision Confidence and Outcome Variability Optimally Regulate Separate Aspects of Hyperparameter Setting. BiorXiv. [pdf] [data & code]
– Türkakin, E., Verguts, T., Desender, K. & Lesage, E. (2023). Should I sample or should I go? An approximately optimal model for deciding when to stop sampling information. PsyArXiv. [pdf] [data & code]

2025

– Herregods, S., Vermeylen, L., Le Denmat, P., & Desender, K. (2025). Modelling Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs in the Stopping Rule for Confidence Judgments. Psychological Review. [pdf] [data & code] [prereg]
– Corlazzoli, G., Gevers, W., Notebaert, W., & Desender, K. (2025). Brace yourself: neural and computational insights into the experience of mental effort. Cerebral Cortex, 35, bhaf256. [pdf] [data & code]
– Le Denmat, P., Desender, K., & Verguts, T., (2025). Learning to be confident: How agents learn confidence based on prediction errors. Cognition. [pdf] [data & code]
– Desender, K., Smet, A., Erdil, D., Gunay, E.M., Le Denmat, P., & Van Marcke, H. (2025). Common Neural Choice Signals reflect Accumulated Evidence, not Confidence. Cerebral Cortex. [pdf] [data & code]
– Vloeberghs, R., Urai, A.E., Desender, K., & Linderman, S.W. (2025). A Bayesian Hierarchical Model of Trial-To-Trial Fluctuations in Decision Criterion. Plos Computational Biology. [pdf] [code]
– Van Marcke, H., & Desender, K., (2025). Experimentally Induced Prior Beliefs Dissociate the Role of Confidence in Information Seeking. Cognition. [pdf] [pre-reg, data & code]
– Boldt, A., Sun, Y., & Desender, K (2025). Dis-confirmatory evidence drives confidence. Communications Psychology, 3:150. [pdf] [data & code] [pre-reg]
– Soto, D., Lallier, M., Desender, K., & Elosegi, P. (2025). Performance Feedback Triggers Liberal Detection and Perceptual Confidence Biases in Early Childhood: Implications for metacognitive training. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, [pdf] [data & code]
– Hermans, F., Knogler, S., Corlazzoli, G., Friedemann, M., & Desender, K. (2025). Dynamic modulation of confidence based on the metacognitive skills of collaborators. Cognition. [pdf] [prereg] [data & code]
– Voodla, A., Uusberg, A., & Desender K. (2025). Metacognitive confidence and affect – two sides of the same coin? Cognition and Emotion. [pdf] [data & code]
– Vermeylen, L., Braem, S., Ivanchei, I., Desender, K., Gonzalez-Garcia, C., Garcia-Roman, JM., Ruz, M., & Notebaert, W. (2025). The Temporal Dynamics of Metacognitive Experiences Track Rational Adaptations in Task Performance. Communications Psychology. [pdf] [data & code]
– Violato, E., Voorrips, E., Desender, K., & Van den Bussche, E. (2025). Metacognitive awareness of subjective difficulty, effort, and frustration in cognitive conflict contexts. Motivation Science. [pdf, data & code]
– Mazza, A., Voorrips, E., Hughes, G., Desender, K., Van den Bussche, E., & Stuyck, H. (2025). Is Mental Effort Exertion Contagious? A Replication Study. Journal of Cognition. [pdf, data, & code]

2024

– Herregods, S., Vermeylen, L., & Desender, K. (2024). Flexible Relations Between Confidence and Confidence RTs in Post-Decisional Models of Confidence: A Reply to Chen and Rahnev. Journal of Vision, 24(12):9, 1–8. [pdf] [data & code]
– *Van Marcke, H., *Le Denmat, P.*, Verguts, T., & Desender, K. (2024). Manipulating prior beliefs causally induces under- and overconfidence. Psychological Science. [pdf] [data & code]
– Voodla, A., Uusberg, A., & Desender, K. (2024). Affective valence does not reflect progress prediction errors in perceptual decisions. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience. [pdf] [data & code]
– Le Denmat, P., Verguts, T., & Desender, K. (2023). A low-dimensional approximation of optimal confidence. Plos Computational Biology. [pdf] [data & code]

2023
– Lanssens, A., Desender, K., Gillebert, C.R., (2023). Evidence for an age-related decline in feature-based attention. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. [pdf] [data & code]
– Corlazzoli, G., *Desender, K., & *Gevers, W. (2023). Feeling and Deciding: Subjective experiences rather than objective factors drive the decision to invest cognitive control. Cognition. [pdf] [data & code]

2022

– Desender, K., Vermeylen, L., & Verguts, T. (2022). Dynamic influences on static measures of metacognition. Nature Communications. [pdf] [data & code]
– Senoussi, M., Verbeke, P., Desender, K., De Loof, E., Talsma, D., & Verguts, T. (2022). Theta oscillations shift towards optimal frequency for cognitive control. Nature Human Behaviour. [pdf]
– Rahnev, D. et al. (2022). Consensus goals for the field of visual metacognition. Perspectives on Psychological Science. [pdf] [public slack channel]

2021

– Desender, K., K.R. Ridderinkhof, & Murphy, P.R. (2021). Understanding neural signals of post-decisional performance monitoring: An integrating review. eLife, 10:e67556. [code] [pdf]
– *Desender, K., *Teuchies, M.*, Gonzalez Garcia, C., De Baene, W., Demanet, J., & Brass, M., (2021). Metacognitive awareness of difficulty in action selection: the role of the cingulo-opercular network. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. [data & code] [pdf]
– van den Brink, R.L., Murphy, P.R., Desender, K., de Ru, N., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2021). Temporal expectation hastens sensory encoding but does not affect evidence quality. The Journal of Neuroscience, 41(1), 130-143. [data & code] [pdf]
– Desender, K., Donner T.H., & Verguts, T. (2021). Dynamic expressions of confidence within an evidence accumulation framework. Cognition, 207,104522. [data & code] [pdf]
– Desender, K. & Sasanguie, D. (2021). Math anxiety relates positively to metacognitive insight into mathematical test performance. Psychological Research. [data] [pdf]

2020

– Rahnev, D., Desender, K., Lee, A., Adler, W.T., Aguilar-Lleyda, D., et al. (2020). The confidence database. Nature Human Behaviour. [data & code] [pdf]

2019

– Desender, K., Boldt, A., Verguts, T., & Donner, T.H. (2019). Post-decisional sense of confidence shapes speed-accuracy tradeoff for subsequent choices. eLife, 8:e43499. [data] [code] [pdf]
– Desender, K., Murphy, P., Boldt, A. Verguts, T., & Yeung, N. (2019). A post-decisional neural marker of confidence predicts information-seeking. The Journal of Neuroscience, 39(17), 3309 –3319. [data] [pdf]

2018

– Desender, K., Boldt, A., & Yeung, N. (2018). Subjective confidence predicts information seeking in decision making. 29(5),761-778, Psychological Science. [data] [pdf]
– Drescher, L.H., Van den Bussche, E., & Desender, K. (2018). Absence without leave or leave without absence: Examining the interrelations among mind wandering, metacognition, and cognitive control, 13(2), e0191639, PloS ONE. [data] [pdf]

2017

– Desender, K. (2017). Different mechanisms can account for the instruction induced proportion congruency effect. 184, 39-45, Acta Psychologica. [pdf]
– Desender, K., Van Opstal, F., & Van den Bussche, E. (2017). Subjective experience of difficulty depends on multiple cues. Scientific Reports, 7:44222, 1-14. [pdf]
– Desender, K., Buc Calderon, C., Van Opstal, F., & Van den Bussche, E. (2017). Avoiding the conflict: Metacognitive awareness drives the selection of low-demand contexts. 43(7), 1397-1410, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance. [pdf]

2016

– Desender, K., Van Opstal, F., Hughes, G., & Van den Bussche, E. (2016). The temporal dynamics of metacognition: Dissociating task-related activity from later metacognitive processes? Neuropsychologia, 82, 54-65. [data] [pdf]
– Atas, A., Desender, K., Gevers, W., & Cleeremans, A. (2016). Dissociating perception from action during conscious and unconscious conflict adaptation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42(16), 866-81. [pdf]
– Desender, K., Beurms, S., & Van den Bussche, E. (2016). Is mental effort exertion contagious? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(2), 624-31. [pdf]

2015

– Van Lierde, E., Desender, K., & Van den Bussche, E. (2015). Is conflict adaptation triggered by feature repetitions? An unexpected finding. Frontiers in Psychology: Cognition, 5:1358. [pdf]

2014

– Desender, K., Van Opstal, F., & Van den Bussche, E. (2014). Feeling the conflict. The crucial role of conflict experience in adaptation. Psychological Science, 25(3). (winner of ESCOP’s Early Career Publication Award). Read also Abrahamse & Braem’s comment. [data] [pdf]
– *Reuss, H., *Desender, K., Kiesel, A., & Kunde, W. (2014). Unconscious conflicts in unconscious contexts: The role of awareness and timing in flexible conflict adaptation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134(4), 1701-18. [pdf]
– *Aben, B., & *Desender, K. (2014). A role for orbitofrontal cortex in reward-modulated conflict adaptation. Journal Of Neuroscience, 34(50), 16553-16554. (journal club) [pdf]

2013

– *Desender, K., *Van Lierde, E., & Van den Bussche, E. (2013). Comparing conscious and unconscious conflict adaptation. PLoS ONE, 8(2). [pdf]
– Van den Bussche, E., Vermeiren, A., Desender, K., Gevers, W., Verguts, T., & Reynvoet, B. (2013). Disentangling conscious and unconscious processing: A subjective trial-based assessment approach. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 769. [pdf]

2012

– Desender, K., & Van den Bussche, E. (2012). The magnitude of priming effects is not independent of prime awareness. Reply to Francken, van Gaal & de Lange (2011). Consciousness and Cognition, 21, 1571-1572. [pdf]
– Desender, K., & Van den Bussche, E. (2012). Is consciousness necessary for cognitive control? A state of the art. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, article 3, 1-13. [pdf]

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